Another hyphotesis is if host location by stink bugs could be influenced by plants producing chemical composition containing compounds similar or equal to their sex and aggregation pheromones. It is well known that stink bugs are attracted to volatiles beenbeing emitted by host plants [35,39], but there is no information about what are the plant-volatile compounds involved in this attraction. Most studies covering the chemical communication of stink bugs and plants concentrate in the tritrophic interactions. Plants produce a vast diversity of volatile compounds, such as terpenes (mono, homo and sesquiterpenes) for example, linalool, (E)-β-caryophyllene, α-(E)-bergamotene, β-farnesene, zingiberenol, sesquipiperitol and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), aromatic compounds from shikimic pathway, for example, methyl salicylate and indole, and green leafy volatiles like (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenal. In general, the constitutive plant volatiles are emitted in tiny amounts, and plants enhance the emission of these volatile compounds when injured by herbivory or oviposition damage [34-35,37-40]. Plant-volatiles can work as kairomones to herbivores, but there is no evidence that plant volatiles could influence their pheromone production or enhance the attraction of stink bugs in pheromone traps. Plants injured by herbivory of stink bugs emit higher levels of volatiles compared to undamaged plants, but this herbivory induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) blend is less attractive to conspecifics compared to constitutive vola-tilesvolatiles and more attractive to natural enemies. This non-preference can be related to the stink bug-avoidance against plants that probably will be frequently visited by natural enemies. Further studies are necessary to elucidate, for example, whether plants are able to recognize the stink bug presence through their pheromone emission, without a previous tactile contact [47,48] and whether the emission of sesquipiperitol and zingi-berenol, stink bugsbug pheromones, by undamaged rice plants, for example, influence the host plant location by Tibraca limbativentris.
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פשוט גש לתיבת האימייל שלך, ולחץ על הלינק לאימות, ומייד נתקן עבורך את האיימייל. אם אתה רוצה לתקן עוד אימיילים אז:
או