Gobius (Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema Bleeker, 1856) is a species of the Gobiidae family with high commercial and nutritional value, making it a promising candidate for development in Vietnam. A total of 408 fish samples were collected at 9 sites in 5 study areas in central Vietnam from October 2019 to September 2020. Research results showed that the average fish size ranges from 67.70 -to 190.20 mm, corresponds to a mass of 4.70 - 29.25g and the correlation between standard length and body mass is proportional to each other. When compared to 23 morphological criteria, it was showed that the farther the distribution distance, the greater the difference in morphological criteria (p<0.05). 19 total DNA samples of O. ophthalmonema in 5 study areas were extracted, in which 14 samples were amplified and sequenced for COI gene region; the results obtained sequences having differences at different positions in comparison to the COI gene region of O. ophthalmonema. The phylogenetic tree construction for 14 fish samples with COI sequences of O. ophthalmonema and 5 species of genus Oxyurichthys showed that the fish samples belonged to O. ophthalmonema with a 100% bootstrap value. However, their genetic distances were far apart, and there were also differences between the samples.