As indicated by the Food and Agriculture Organization, “the husbandry of aquatic organisms like fish, mollusks, scavengers and amphibians is called Aquaculture.” Individual or collective accountability for the stock being cultivated is required in farming (FAO 2011). The production necessity of aquaculture over the most recent 30 years has risen rapidly and keeps on going as such. Consumption of digestible fish per capita is increasing and outpacing natural fish populations, requiring aquaculture production to keep up with demand. This trend will continue, and aquaculture production is key to ensuring long-term economic, social, and environmental development (FAO 2018).
Efforts by aquaculture sectors to rapidly intensify may have serious impacts, including infectious diseases, which is a serious hurdle to the development of the aquaculture sector (FAO 2017). Disease outbreaks have socioeconomic effects since many aquatic species' cultures suffer major losses. There might be a loss of consumer trust and investment, food poverty, which could lead to industrial failure, or the closure of aquaculture systems. (Reantaso et al. 2005). Fish diseases are the leading cause of death in fish, with symptoms including surface blood spots (i.e. hemorrhage, ulcer, itchy rashes) and internal bleeding, digestive tract full of fluids (gastroenteritis), and kidney and liver swelling (Idowu et al. 2013).
In recent years, the abundance of Aeromonas veronii has increased, resulting in the identification of a large number of these infections from infected fish (Sun et al. 2016). Aeromonas veronii is an anaerobic bacterium that is gram-negative, multicellular, and rod-shaped. It occurs frequently in nature and is quite good at adapting to its environment. (Parte 2013). A. veronii has been observed to infect freshwater fish, amphibians, birds, and red meat animals, causing major losses in the aquaculture sector and food safety (Zhang et al. 2019).