3.1.2 Research question
Which ofDo umbilical cords andor embryonic stem cells have better characteristics and more potential to regenerate meniscal tissue?

Meniscus injuries represent one of the most significant injuries that affectaffecting the knee joint's normal function of the knee joint and lead, leading to develop early osteoarthritis. Both umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UMC-MSCs) and embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ESCs-T-MSCs) show promising potential in regenerative medicine, especially for degenerative diseases.
Herein, clinical-grade human ESCs-T-MSCs and UMC-MSCs were generated as per the good manufacturing practice rules. The generated cells underwent preconditioning via stimulation with synovial fluid collected from patients with meniscal defects.
Stimulated ESCs-T-MSCs presented superior features to unstimulated ESCs-T-MSCs and UMC-MSCs in terms of increasing immunomodulatory activity, chondrogenesis, and extracellular matrix regeneration.
Study objective
To compare umbilical cords and embryonic stem cells as a cell-sourcecell source for MSCs-mediated meniscal regeneration.